Clip Art of a Women Were a Veil Comic Book Pictur of a Women Wearing a Vail

Sweat cloth relic of St. Veronica

"Volto Santo" redirects here. For the carving of Christ claimed to have been sculpted by Nicodemus, see Holy Face of Lucca. For the epitome based on the Shroud of Turin, see Holy Face of Jesus.

The Veil of Veronica, or Sudarium (Latin for sweat-cloth), also known as the Vernicle and ofttimes chosen simply the Veronica, is a Christian relic consisting of a piece of cloth said to behave an image of the Holy Face of Jesus produced by other than human means (an acheiropoieton, "made without hand"). Various existing images have been claimed to be the original relic, likewise as early copies of information technology; representations of it are also known as vernicles.

The story of the paradigm's origin is related to the sixth Station of the Cross, wherein Saint Veronica, encountering Jesus along the Via Dolorosa to Calvary, wipes the blood and sweat from his face with her veil. According to some versions, St. Veronica later traveled to Rome to present the cloth to the Roman Emperor Tiberius. The veil has been said to quench thirst, cure incomprehension, and even enhance the dead.

The first written evidence of the story is from the Middle Ages, and during the 14th century, the veil became a central icon in the Western Church. In the words of art historian Neil Macgregor, "From [the 14th Century] on, wherever the Roman Church building went, the Veronica would go with it."^[i] The deed of Saint Veronica wiping the face up of Jesus with her veil is celebrated in the sixth Station of the Cross in many Anglican, Catholic, and Western Orthodox churches.^{[2] [3] [iv]}

"Christ conveying the cantankerous", attributed to Hieronymus Bosch; in the lower-left corner: Veronica with the veil

Development of the story [edit]

There is no reference to the story of Veronica and her veil in the canonical Gospels. The closest written reference is the phenomenon of Jesus healing the bleeding adult female by touching the hem of Jesus' garment;^[5] her name is later identified every bit Veronica by the apocryphal "Acts of Pilate". The story was afterwards elaborated in the 11th century by adding that Christ gave her a portrait of himself on a cloth, with which she afterwards cured Tiberius. The linking of this with the bearing of the cross in the Passion, and the miraculous appearance of the paradigm, was fabricated by Roger d'Argenteuil'due south Bible in French in the 13th century,^[6] and gained further popularity following the internationally popular piece of work Meditations on the Life of Christ of virtually 1300. It is also at this point that other depictions of the image alter to include a crown of thorns, claret, and the expression of a human being in pain,^[vii] and the image became very mutual throughout Cosmic Europe, forming part of the Arma Christi, and with the meeting of Jesus and Veronica becoming 1 of the Stations of the Cantankerous.

Origin of the name [edit]

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the name "Veronica" is a vernacular portmanteau of the Latin discussion 'vera' , meaning "truth", and Greek 'eikon' , meaning "epitome"; the Veil of Veronica was therefore largely regarded in medieval times every bit "the truthful paradigm", and the truthful representation of Jesus, preceding the Shroud of Turin.^[eight]

History of the veil [edit]

That there was a concrete prototype venerated equally the Veil of Veronica and displayed in Rome from the 14th century on is clear, simply the provenance of this image is uncertain.

Information technology has often been assumed that the Veil of Veronica was present in the Old St Peter's in the papacy of Pope John Vii (705-viii), as a chapel known every bit the Veronica chapel was built during his reign. It would announced, even so, that the Veil of Veronica was in place past 1011 when a scribe was identified as keeper of the cloth.^[9]

Business firm records of the Veil begin merely in 1199, when two pilgrims, Gerald de Barri (Giraldus Cambrensis) and Gervase of Tilbury, made two accounts at different times of a visit to Rome, making direct reference to the beingness of the Veil of Veronica. Shortly after that, in 1207, the cloth became more than prominent when it was publicly paraded and displayed by Pope Innocent 3, who also granted indulgences to anyone praying before it.^[ten] This procession, between St Peter's and the Santo Spirito Infirmary, became an annual issue and on ane such occasion in 1300 Pope Boniface Viii, who had it translated to St. Peter'southward in 1297, was inspired to proclaim the first Jubilee in 1300. During this Jubilee the Veronica was publicly displayed and became one of the "Mirabilia Urbis" ("Wonders of the Urban center") for the pilgrims who visited Rome. For the next two hundred years, the Veil, retained at Sometime St Peter'due south, was regarded equally the virtually precious of all Christian relics; there Pedro Tafur, a Spanish visitor in 1436, noted:

On the right manus is a pillar as high equally a small-scale tower, and in it is the holy Veronica. When information technology is to be exhibited an opening is fabricated in the roof of the church and a wooden chest or cradle is let down, in which are two clerics, and when they have descended, the chest or cradle is fatigued up, and they, with the greatest reverence, take out the Veronica and evidence it to the people, who make concourse there upon the appointed twenty-four hours. It happens often that the worshippers are in danger of their lives, so many are they and then groovy is the press._{Pedro Tafur, Andanças east viajes.}

Later on the Sack of Rome in 1527, some writers recorded that the Veil had been destroyed: Messer Unbano tells the Duchess of Urbino that the Veronica was stolen and passed around the taverns of Rome.^[11] Other writers yet, testify to its continuing presence in the Vatican and one witness to the sacking states that the Veronica was non found by the looters.^[12]

Many artists of the time created reproductions of the Veronica, once more suggesting its survival, only in 1616, Pope Paul Five prohibited the manufacture of further copies unless made by a canon of Saint Peter's Basilica. In 1629, Pope Urban VIII non merely prohibited reproductions of the Veronica from being made, but also ordered the devastation of all existing copies. His edict declared that anyone who had admission to a copy must bring it to the Vatican, under penalty of excommunication. In the 17th century the veil was found hidden in a relic sleeping room built by Bernini into one of the piers supporting the dome of St Peter's.^[10]

Equally in that location is no conclusive testify that it e'er left St Peter's, the possibility exists that it remains there to this day; this would exist consistent with such express information as the Vatican has provided in recent centuries.

Images traditionally connected with the Veil of Veronica [edit]

There are at least vi images in beingness which conduct a marked resemblance to each other and which are claimed to exist the original Veil, a directly copy of information technology or, in two cases, the Mandylion. Each member of this group is enclosed in an elaborate outer frame with a gilded metallic sheet (or riza in Russian) within, in which is cut an aperture where the face appears; at the lower farthermost of the face at that place are three points which correspond to the shape of the hair and beard.

• Veil of Veronica

• 

  The Vatican Veronica

• 

  The Holy Face of Vienna

• 

  The Holy Face of Alicante

• 

  The Holy Face of Jaén

St. Peter'south Basilica [edit]

There is an image kept in St. Peter's Basilica purported to be Veronica's veil.^[thirteen] This image is stored in the chapel that lies behind the balcony in the southwest pier supporting the dome.^{[ citation needed ]}

The nigh detailed recorded inspection of the 20th century occurred in 1907 when Jesuit art historian Joseph Wilpert was allowed to remove ii plates of drinking glass to inspect the image.^[fourteen] Co-ordinate to author Ian Wilson, he commented that he saw only "a square piece of calorie-free coloured textile, somewhat faded through age, which bear 2 faint rust-chocolate-brown stains, connected one to the other".^[14]

Nevertheless, the face is still displayed each year on the occasion of the 5th Sunday of Lent, Passion Sunday,^[xv] in a tradition that dates dorsum to the seventeenth century.^[16] Just before vespers, there is a procession inside the basilica, accompanied to the Litany of the Saints.^[17] A bell rings and three canons bear the heavy frame out on the balustrade above the statue of St. Veronica holding the veil.^{[eighteen] [ citation needed ]} From this limited view no image is discernible and it is merely possible to see the shape of the inner frame.^{[ citation needed ]}

The Hofburg Palace, Vienna [edit]

In the Hofburg Palace in Vienna there is a copy of the Veronica, identified by the signature of P. Strozzi in the right hand corner of the inner frame. He was the secretarial assistant of Pope Paul Five, and a man referred to by Vatican notary Jacopo Grimaldi as making a series of six meticulous copies of the veil in 1617.^[xix]

The outside of the frame is relatively mod, while the inner frame is roughly fabricated and corresponds to the cut-out blueprint of earlier copies. The face within is very unclear, more a series of blotches in which only the bare elements of a nose, eyes and mouth can be identified. This argues for the actuality of the copy as at that place is conspicuously no attempt at artistic enhancement. Furthermore, the fact of its existence copied from the Vatican copy after the Sack of Rome in 1527 suggests that the original prototype may have survived that event.

It is kept in the Schatzkammer of Sacred and Secular Treasurers of the Habsburg dynasty in the Hofburg Palace, Vienna.

Monastery of the Holy Face, Alicante, Espana [edit]

The Holy Face up of Alicante was acquired by Pope Nicholas V from relatives of the Byzantine Emperor in 1453. This veil was given by a Vatican central to a Castilian priest, Mosen Pedro Mena, who took it to Alicante, in southern Espana, where it arrived in 1489, at the same fourth dimension every bit a severe drought. Carried in a procession on 17 March by an Alicante priest, Father Villafranca, a tear sprang from the heart of the confront of Christ on the veil and rain began to autumn. The relic is now housed in the Monastery of the Holy Face up ( Monasterio de la Santa Faz ), on the outskirts of Alicante, in a chapel congenital in 1611 and busy betwixt 1677 and 1680 by the sculptor José Vilanova, the gilder Pere Joan Valero and the painter Juan Conchillos. The chapel is busy with paintings depicting the miraculous termination of the drought, local personalities associated with the founding of the chapel and religious themes of judgment and salvation.

The monastery was extensively restored between 2003 and 2006, together with the Cathedral of Saint Nicholas and the Basilica of St Mary in the city centre. The iii buildings housed an exhibition in 2006 about the relic, titled 'The Face of Eternity'.^[20]

Jaén Cathedral, Jaén, Espana [edit]

The cathedral of Jaén has a copy of the Veronica which probably dates from the 14th century, and originated in Siena. Information technology is kept in a shrine by the high chantry and is annually exhibited to the people on Good Fri and on the Feast of the Assumption. It is exhibited in a chapel to the side of the Cathedral every Fri from eleven.30 a.chiliad. to 1 p.m., when visitors are allowed to kiss the drinking glass that protects the image. Known as the Santo Rostro, it was caused by Bishop Nicholas de Biedma in the 14th century.^[21]

Similar images [edit]

Holy Face of Genoa [edit]

The Holy Face of San Silvestro, now in the Matilda chapel in the Vatican.

Kept in the small Church of St Bartholomew of The Armenians, Genoa, the Holy Face of Genoa was given in the 14th century to the Doge Leonardo Montaldo by the Byzantine Emperor John V Palaeologus.

The image was studied in detail in 1969 by Colette Dufour Bozzo, who dated the outer frame to the late 14th century,^[22] while the inner frame and the image itself are believed to have originated earlier. Bozzo found that the image was imprinted on a cloth that had been pasted onto a wooden board.^[23] The similarity of the image with the Veil of Veronica suggests a link betwixt the two traditions.

Holy Face of San Silvestro [edit]

The Holy Face of San Silvestro was kept in Rome'southward church of San Silvestro until 1870, and is at present kept in the Matilda chapel in the Vatican. It is housed in a Bizarre frame donated by ane Sister Dionora Chiarucci in 1623.^[24] The earliest prove of its being is 1517, when the nuns were forbidden to exhibit information technology to avoid competition with the Veronica. Like the Genoa image, it is painted on board, and therefore is probable to be a copy.

It was exhibited at Germany's Expo 2000 in the pavilion of the Holy See.

The Manoppello Image [edit]

In 1999, German Jesuit Male parent Heinnrich Pfeiffer, Professor of Art History at the Pontifical Gregorian University,^[25] announced at a press conference in Rome that he had found the Veil in a church of a Capuchin monastery, in the small village of Manoppello, Italy, where information technology had been since 1660. Professor Pfeiffer had, in fact, been promoting this image for many years before.^[26] Information technology is known as the Manoppello Image.

According to local tradition, an anonymous pilgrim arrived in 1508 with the fabric inside a wrapped package. The pilgrim gave information technology to Dr. Giacomo Antonio Leonelli, who was sitting on a demote in front of the church building. The doctor went into the church and opened the bundle containing the Veil. At once, he went out of the church building, simply could not find the pilgrim who had donated it.

The Veil was owned by the Leonelli family until 1608. Pancrazio Petrucci, a soldier married to Marzia Leonelli, stole the Veil from his begetter-in-law's business firm. A few years later on, Marzia sold it for 400 scudi to Doctor Donato Antonio De Fabritiis to pay a ransom demand for her hubby, who was so a prisoner in Chieti. The Veil was given by De Fabritiis to the Capuchins, who still hold information technology today. This history was documented past Father Donato da Bomba in his Relatione historica following enquiry started in 1640.

House of Veronica in Jerusalem [edit]

On the Via Dolorosa in Jerusalem there is a pocket-size chapel, known as the Chapel of the Holy Confront.^[27] Traditionally, this is regarded equally the habitation of St Veronica and site of the miracle.^[28]

Representative art [edit]

There are two main traditions for the iconography of the face up depicted on the veil. One tradition (Type I), common in Italian art, shows the face of Christ every bit total-bearded, in pain, scourged and perhaps crowned with thorns. Another (Blazon Two), mutual in Russian and Spanish art, shows Christ'southward face more often in repose, hair extending to shoulder length and a bifurcated beard, often surrounded past a halo quartered in a cantankerous.

Blazon I [edit]

• Veronica's Veil Domenico Fetti, c.  1620.
• Holy Confront Giambono, 15th century. Civic Museum, Pavia, Italy.
• Holy Face Held by Two Angels Juan Sánchez Cotan, 1620–1625. Monastery of Cartuja, Granada.
• Holy Face Domenikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco). Convent of Capuchin Nuns, Toledo.
• Veronica'due south Veil Francisco de Zurbarán, 17th century. Parish Church of St Peter, Seville.

Type II [edit]

• Head of Christ on the Sudarium Claude Mellan, 1649.
• Diptych of Saint Veronica with Christ and the Virgin Mary Bernardo Martorelli, 15th century. Museum of Mallorca.
• Holy Face, anonymous, early 17th century. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.
• Holy Face Simon Ushakov, 1678. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.
• Miracle of the Tear Juan Conchillos, 1680. Lady Chapel of the Monastery of the Holy Face, Alicante.
• Miracle of the Three faces Juan de Miranda, 1767. Alicante Ayuntamiento.
• Saint Veronica Antonio Castillo Lastrucci, 1946. Basilica of St Mary, Alicante.

• Veil of Veronica in Fine art

• 

  St Veronica with the Sudarium

• 

• 

  Domenico Fetti, The Veil of Veronica

• 

  St. Veronica with the Holy Kerchief

• 

  The veil of St. Veronica (Vera Icon), c. 1450

• 

  Head of Christ on the Sudarium, engraving by Claude Mellan (1649), a famous virtuoso piece consisting of a unmarried line start on the tip of Christ'southward nose.

• 

  Image of the Saviour, a traditional Orthodox iconography in the interpretation of Simon Ushakov (1658).

• 

• 

  St. Veronica with the Holy Kerchief, by Mattia Preti

Meet also [edit]

• Acheiropoieta
• Black Madonna of Częstochowa
• Prototype of Camuliana
• Image of Edessa
• Relics associated with Jesus
• Shroud of Turin
• Sudarium of Oviedo

References [edit]

1. ^ "Seeing Salvation". Images of Christ in Fine art, Neil MacGregor, ISBN 0-563-55111-9.
2. ^ "Stations of the Cross". Trinity UMC. 24 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 Apr 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2016. This tradition began most prominently with St. Francis of Assisi (1182–1226) and spread to other churches in the medieval period. It is too observed by a growing number of Anglicans, Methodists, and Lutherans. It is near commonly done during Lent, particularly on Adept Friday.
3. ^ Vatican Website Sixth Station
4. ^ Religious Literacy (Stephen Prothero), HarperCollins Publishers, page 284
5. ^ Matthew nine:twenty–22; Mark 5:25–34; Luke 8:43–48Template:Bibleverse with invalid volume
6. ^ Thousand. Schiller, Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. 2,1972 (English language trans from German), Lund Humphries, London, pp. 78–79, ISBN 0-85331-324-5
7. ^ 1000 Schiller, op. & page cit
8. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Veronica". newadvent.org.
9. ^ Ian Wilson, Holy Faces, Secret Places, folio 175
10. ^ ^{a b} Duffy, Patrick. "St Veronica'southward Towel", Catholic Ireland, July 12, 2012
11. ^ Ian Wilson, Holy Faces, Secret Places, page 112
12. ^ Ian Wilson, Holy Faces, Clandestine Places, page 113
13. ^ "Saint Veronica'due south Veil", Philadelphia Museum of Fine art
14. ^ ^{a b} Ian Wilson, Holy Faces, Secret Places, page 63
15. ^ Mauro, J.P., "Does this Italian hilltop shrine have the true relic of Veronica's veil?", Aleteia, May 5, 2019
16. ^ "Fifth Sunday of Lent, veneration of Veronica'southward Veil", Catholic News Service, April 9, 2019
17. ^ Dipippo, Gregory. "Passion Sun - The Veil of St. Veronica and the Stational Liturgy at St. Peter's", New Liturgical Movement, March 26, 2012
18. ^ "The Holy Veil of St. Veronica". flickr. Yahoo Co. Retrieved 25 September 2014. ^{[ dead link ]}
19. ^ Ian Wilson, Holy Faces, Secret Places, page 157
20. ^ Visitor's Guide to the Exposición La Luz de las Imagenes – La Faz de la Eternidad, Alicante 2006.
21. ^ Ian Wilson, Holy Faces, Secret Places, page 94
22. ^ Ian Wilson, Holy Faces, Surreptitious Places, folio 162
23. ^ Wilson, ibid, page 88
24. ^ Ian Wilson, Holy Faces, Secret Places, folio 193
25. ^ http://holyfaceofmanoppello.blogspot.com/2008/05/fr-heinrich-pfeiffer-sj-teaches-about.html Excerpt of Il Volto Santo di Manoppello (The Holy Confront of Manoppello), published by Carsa Edizioni in Pescara (folio 13) admission date March 2013
26. ^ Ian Wilson, Holy Faces, Secret Places, page 161
27. ^ "Via Dolorosa – Jerusalem". sacred-destinations.com.
28. ^ "Via Dolorosa". Via Dolorosa. 26 December 2007. Archived from the original on 26 December 2007.

Farther reading [edit]

• Bennett, Janice (2001). Sacred Claret, Sacred Image: The Sudarium of Oviedo, New Evidence for the Authenticity of the Shroud of Turin. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. ISBN0-9705682-0-vii.
• Joan Carroll Cruz, OCDS, Miraculous Images of Our Lord. ISBN 0-89555-496-8
• Ewa Kuryluk, Veronica and Her Cloth: History, Symbolism, and Structure of a True Paradigm. ISBN 0-631-17813-9
• Ian Wilson, Holy Faces, Surreptitious Places,Corgi, ISBN 0-552-13590-9

External links [edit]

Await upwards vernicle in Wiktionary, the complimentary dictionary.

• The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Noesis
• official website of Capuchin Friars of Manoppello
• St. Veronica in St. Peter's
• "Clip of the Cosmic News Service featuring the relic in St. Peter's Basilica"
• "Shine website Volto Santo di Manoppello"
• "English version of Polish website Volto Santo di Manoppello"
• Sudarium Christi The Face of Christ online audio visual featuring texts by sudarium practiced Sr. Blandina Paschalis Schlömer et al.
• The Rediscovered Face – 1 offset of four installments of an audiovisual presentation relating the holy prototype with a number of ancient predecessors, YouTube, access date March 2013.
• Exposition of the relic, St. Peter'south Basilica, 2008

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica

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